搜索结果: 121-135 共查到“知识库 哲学其他学科”相关记录670条 . 查询时间(2.531 秒)
Unboxing the Concepts in Newcomb’s Paradox:Causation,Prediction,Decision in Causal Knowledge Patterns
evidential vs causal decision theory Newcomb’s paradox Bayes nets causal models interventionist account of causation
2016/6/15
In Nozick’s rendition of the decision situation given in Newcomb’s Paradox dominance and the principle of maximum expected utility recommend different strategies. While evidential decision theory (EDT...
Causation,Intervention and Agency—Woodward on Menzies and Price
Causation agency Woodward interventionism manipulation
2016/6/15
In his influential book 'Making Things Happen' (Oxford, 2003) and in other places, Jim Woodward has noted some affinities between his own account of causation and that of Menzies and Price (‘Causation...
Where would we be without counterfactuals?
Russell Cause Causation Monarchy Republicanism Ramsey
2016/6/15
Bertrand Russell’s celebrated essay “On the Notion of Cause” was first delivered to the Aristotelian Society on 4 November 1912, as Russell’s Presidential Address. The piece is best known for a passag...
Natural Selection and Causal Productivity
Stuart Glennan Wesley Salmon natural selection causal production mark transmission individuality reductionism causal process causal propagation populations population level
2016/6/15
In the recent philosophical literature, two questions have arisen concerning the status of natural selection: 1) Is it a population-level phenomenon, or is it an organism-level phenomenon? 2) Is it a ...
The Doomsday Argument and the Simulation Argument
Doomsday argument simulation argument self-location centered credence
2016/6/14
The Doomsday Argument and the Simulation Argument share certain structural features, and hence are often discussed together (Bostrom 2003, Aranyosi 2004, Richmond 2008, Bostrom and Kulczycki 2011). Bo...
Methodological Individualism and Holism in Political Science:A Reconciliation
Methodological individualism holism philosophy of social science explanation social ontology causation in the social sciences reductionism non-reductionism political science
2016/6/14
Political science is divided between methodological individualists, who seek to explain political phenomena by reference to individuals and their interactions, and holists (or nonreductionists), who c...
El punto de vista atemporal en cosmologa
flecha del tiempo Huw Price cosmología espacio-tiempo arrow of time Price Hawking global and non-entropic approach
2016/6/14
En su libro Time′s Arrow and Archimedes’ Point, Huw Price critica los argumentos de algunos cosmólogos contemporáneos acerca del origen cosmológico de la flecha del tiempo, quienes supuestamente no lo...
Non-standard Models and the Sociology of Cosmology
Cosmology Astrophysics Sociology Philosophy
2016/6/14
I review some theoretical ideas in cosmology different from the standard "Big Bang": the quasi-steady state model, the plasma cosmology model, non-cosmological redshifts, alternatives to non-baryonic ...
Empirical Adequacy in the Received View
empirical adequacy Received View Constructive Empiricism embedding empirical substructure appearances observations
2016/6/14
I show that the central notion of Constructive Empiricism, empirical adequacy, can be expressed syntactically and specifically in the Received View of the logical empiricists. The formalization shows ...
Empirically Adequate but Observably False Theories
empirical adequacy truth coordinated isomorphism strict empirical adequacy
2016/6/14
I show that a theory may be empirically adequate according to van Fraassen's definition even though it can be observationally determined that the theory is false. I suggest a modification of empirical...
An Evolutionary View of Science:Imitation and Memetics
evolution imitation memetics opportunism serendipity
2016/6/14
Scientific thought is characterized in general as methodical and rational. I would like to present here an opposing view which treats science as a non-systematic activity, where serendipity, tinkering...
Using network thinking to understand transmission and innovation in ancient societies
innovation archaeology network Aegean Bronze Age wheel materiality long-term
2016/6/14
I begin not with an ancient innovation, but with a modern one with which we are all familiar: the car. And I want to imagine how an archaeological perspective on this innovation might proceed. First, ...
We argue that a semantics for counterfactual conditionals in terms of comparative overall similarity faces a formal limitation due to Arrow’s impossibility theorem from social choice theory. According...
Don't Blame the Idealizations (revised version)
ceteris paribus idealization scientific representation scapegoat scope restrictor validity limit
2016/6/13
Idealizing conditions are scapegoats for scientific hypotheses, too often blamed for falsehood better attributed to less obvious sources. But while the tendency to blame idealizations is common among ...
The semantic view,if plausible,is syntactic
semantic view of theories theoretical equivalence models constructive empiricism structural realism
2016/6/13
Halvorson (2012) argues that the semantic view of theories leads to absurdities. Glymour (2013) shows how to inoculate the semantic view against Halvorson's criticisms, namely by making it into a synt...