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Immune function in rural Gambian children is not related to season of birth, birth size, or maternal supplementation status
maternal supplementation pregnancy children
2016/6/14
We previously showed that mortality from infectious
diseases among young adults in rural Gambia is strongly
correlated with the season of their birth. This suggests that early
life insults that inv...
Physical activity and energy intake selectively predict the waist-to-hip ratio in men but not in women
Body mass index sex energy intake
2016/6/14
The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) has emerged as an
important risk factor for several chronic diseases, but little quantitative
information exists about its relation with energy intake
and expenditure i...
Guar gum does not impair the absorption and utilization of dietary nitrogen but affects early endogenous urea kinetics in humans
Guar gum dietary nitrogen urea kinetics
2016/6/14
Viscous gums enhance viscosity in the upper gastrointestinal
lumen, quickly disturbing motility and promoting
fluid secretion.
α-Linolenic acid intake is not beneficially associated with 10-y risk of coronary artery disease incidence: the Zutphen Elderly Study
Coronary artery disease diet fatty acids
2016/6/14
Data on the relation between -linolenic acid
intake and coronary artery disease (CAD) are limited. Other
dietary components appear to modify the reported relation
between -linolenic acid intake and...
Folic acid enrichment of bread does not appear to affect zinc absorption in young women
Folate folic acid fortification, enrichment
2016/6/14
In several countries cereals are now enriched with
folic acid to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Human studies
suggest that folic acid interferes with zinc absorption. This
raises concerns ...
The latest recommended vitamin E requirements, the dietary
reference intakes, were published in 2000 by the Food and Nutrition
Board of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of
Sciences (1). ...
Breast-feeding is associated with improved growth in length, but not weight, in rural Senegalese toddlers
Breast-feeding weaning linear growth
2016/6/13
Prolonged breast-feeding is frequently associated
with malnutrition in less-developed countries, even after adjustment
for socioeconomic confounders. However, in rural Senegal,
breast-feeding is pr...
Serum retinyl esters are not associated with biochemical markers of liver dysfunction in adult participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994
Retinyl esters hypervitaminosis A liver function
2016/6/13
Serum retinyl ester concentrations are elevated in
hypervitaminosis A. It was suggested that retinyl esters > 10% of
total serum vitamin A indicate potential hypervitaminosis, but
this cutoff was d...
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) attenuates postprandial glycemia in a time-dependent but not dose-dependent manner in healthy individuals
dose time placebo
2016/6/13
We previously showed that 3 g American ginseng
administered 40 min before an oral glucose challenge significantly
reduces postprandial glycemia in subjects without diabetes.
Whether this effect can...
Dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid, but not with other long-chain n−3 or n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreases natural killer cell activity in healthy subjects aged >55 y
Fish oil immunity natural killer cell
2016/6/12
Animal studies showed that dietary flaxseed oil
[rich in the n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid -linolenic acid
(ALA)], evening primrose oil [rich in the n6 polyunsaturated
fatty acid -linolenic acid (...
Serum chromium does not predict glucose tolerance in late pregnancy
pregnancy triacylglycerol cholesterol
2016/6/12
Chromium is an essential element in human nutrition.
Serum concentrations of chromium are not well characterized
during pregnancy or in gestational diabetes mellitus.
Water incorporated into a food but not served with a food decreases energy intake in lean women
Energy density energy intake lean women
2016/6/1
Previous research showed that decreasing the
energy density (kJ/g) of foods by adding water to them can lead
to reductions in energy intake. Few studies have examined how
water consumed as a bevera...
trans Fatty acids in human milk are inversely associated with concentrations of essential all-cis n−6 and n−3 fatty acids and determine trans, but not n−6 and n−3, fatty acids in plasma lipids of breast-fed infants
human milk breast-fed infants breast milk
2016/6/1
Human milk fatty acids vary with maternal dietary
fat composition. Hydrogenated dietary oils with trans fatty acids
may displace cis n26 and n23 unsaturated fatty acids or have
adverse effects on t...
Plasma clearance of chylomicrons from butterfat is not dependent on saturation: studies with butterfat fractions and other fats containing triacylglycerols with low or high melting points
Chylomicrons chylomicron remnants butterfat
2016/5/31
Dietary fats influence plasma lipids, and changes
in the clearance and metabolism of postprandial lipoproteins can
affect atherosclerosis. Butterfat is considered hypercholesterolemic
but contains ...
Biochemical but not clinical vitamin A deficiency results from mutations in the gene for retinol binding protein
Retinol binding protein transthyretin retinol retinyl esters
2016/5/31
Two German sisters aged 14 and 17 y were admitted
to the Tübingen eye hospital with a history of night blindness.
In both siblings, plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) concentrations
were below th...