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Effects of Structural Iron Reduction on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Na-Smectite
Barriers Bulk density Clay Hydraulic conductivity Iron Liners Permeability Reduction Smectite Water
2011/12/31
The long-term impermeability of clay barriers in waste disposal facilities and hydraulic structures is of critical importance to environmental, agricultural, and industrial concerns. Changes in the ox...
Reduction and Reoxidation of Nontronite: Extent of Reduction and Reaction Rates
Color change Mossbauer spectroscopy Nontronite Oxidation Reduction Visible absorption spectroscopy
2012/1/4
The reduction and reoxidation of three nontronite samples, GAN (API H-33a, Garfield, Washington), SWa-1 (ferruginous Washington smectite), and NG-1 (Hohen Hagen, Federal Republic of Germany) were stud...
Effects of Octahedral-Iron Reduction and Swelling Pressure on Interlayer Distances in Na-Nontronite
Interlayer distance Iron Nontronite Reduction Swelling pressure X-ray powder diffraction
2012/1/5
A new type of environmental chamber for X-ray diffraction was designed that could sustain elevated, internal pressures of nitrogen or any other gas under oxygen-free conditions and that allowed the po...
Charge Reduction, Octahedral Charge, and Lithium Retention in Heated, Li-Saturated Smectites
Alkylammonium exchange Cation-exchange capacity Hofmann-Klemen effect Layer-charge reduction Lithium Octahedral charge
2012/1/11
Reference smectites were examined to determine relationships between Li uptake, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and octahedral layer charge after Li saturation and heating at 250°C (Hofmann-Klemen eff...
Reduction of the Cation-Exchange Capacity of Montmorillonite by Take-Up of Hydroxy-Al Polymers
Cation-exchange capacity Hydroxy-Al polymer Interlayer Montmorillonite Smectite
2012/1/12
The cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of Na-Al- and Ca-Al-montmorillonite after neutralization with NaOH or Ca(OH)2 was studied at three Al levels: 10, 25, and 50% of the CEC. Hydroxy-Al polymers were ef...
Role of Structural Hydrogen in the Reduction and Reoxidation of Iron in Nontronite
Hydrogen Nontronite Oxidation Reduction Structural sites Tritium
2012/2/2
The effects of reduction and reoxidation of octahedral Fe3+ on the exchange of structural hydrogen in nontronite were determined using tritium (3H) as a label element. The uptake of H from the surroun...
Effects of Reduction and Reoxidation of Structural Iron on the Surface Charge and Dissolution of Dioctahedral Smectites
Dissolution Iron Nontronite Oxidation Reduction Smectite Surface area
2012/2/6
The effect of Fe oxidation state on the surface charge (CEC) and solubility of smectites were studied using the <2-祄, Na+-saturated fraction of an Upton, Wyoming; a Czechoslovakian; and a New Zealand ...
Oxidation and Reduction of Structural Iron in Chlorite at 480癈
Chlorite Infrared spectroscopy Iron Mossbauer spectroscopy Oxidation Reduction
2012/2/7
An iron-rich chlorite, ripidolite, was oxidized by air-heating at 480?i.e., below the dehydroxylation temperature and subsequently reduced in hydrogen at the same temperature. On the basis of chemical...
Role of Iron Reduction in the Conversion of Smectite to Illite in Bentonites in the Disturbed Belt, Montana
Bentonite Illite Iron reduction Mixed layer Montana Smectite
2012/2/10
Cretaceous bentonites were collected in outcrop from the Sweetgrass Arch and the Disturbed Belt in Montana. The mixed-layer illite-smectite (I/S) components of the bentonites from the Sweetgrass Arch ...
Reduction and Oxidation of Fe3+ in Dioctahedral Smectites桰II.* Oxidation of Octahedral Iron in Montmorillonite
Exchange Iron Oxidation Reduction
2012/2/10
Structural Fe2+ in montmorillonite is readily oxidized by contact with water, salt solutions or on mild heating. This is shown clearly by the M鰏sbauer spectra and is associated with a sharpening of th...
Reduction and Oxidation of Fe3+ in Dioctahedral Smectites—1: Reduction with Hydrazine and Dithionite
Reduction Oxidation Dioctahedral Smectites Hydrazine Dithionite
2012/2/13
Hydrazine and dithionite, both of which are strong reducing agents, react differently with various dioctahedral smectites. Both the nature of the reducing agent and the structure of the clay affect th...
Effect of Oxidation and Reduction on Potassium Exchange of Biotite
Oxidation Reduction Potassium Exchange Biotite
2012/2/15
The selectivity of K over Ca of Amelia biotite increased sharply upon oxidation by H2O2 at pH 6·0. This increase in K selectivity was only partially reversible upon reduction by Na2S2O4. Oxidation by ...
Iron Oxidation and Reduction Effects on Structural Hydroxyl and Layer Charge in Aqueous Suspensions of Micaceous Vermiculites
Iron Oxidation Structural Hydroxyl Layer Aqueous Suspensions Micaceous
2012/2/15
Four Na2S2O4-reduced Na-vermiculites, each with some trioctahedral mica interstratified, were oxidized with H2O2 at pH 6·5 and again reduced with Na2S2O4 in suspensions at pH 7·5–8·0. The layer charge...
Mineralogy and Cation Exchange Properties of Libby Vermiculite Separates as Affected by Particle-Size Reduction
Mineralogy Cation Exchange Properties Libby Vermiculite Particle-Size Reduction
2012/2/15
A vermiculite (Libby, Montana) sample obtained from the Zonolite company contained mostly coarse-grained separates with only 8? per cent clay. The 2?0 祄 fraction was used for particle-size reduction s...