搜索结果: 91-105 共查到“国际动态 生物化学”相关记录266条 . 查询时间(2.588 秒)
又是日本科学家！用干细胞制造卵子，人类又近一步
卵原细胞 卵母细胞 人工卵巢
2022/2/24
在干细胞研究领域，来自日本的科学家扮演了重要的角色。2012年，山中伸弥教授与John B. Gurdon教授由于其在多能干细胞诱导上做出的贡献，共享了当年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。而在本周的《科学》杂志上，另一群日本科学家又取得了干细胞研究的突破——他们用人类的诱导干细胞，造出了人类的卵原细胞！这也让人类离使用干细胞制造卵子又近了一步。
在动物界，雌性动物的抚育对于幼崽的存活至关重要。刊登在新一期美国《神经元》杂志上的一项研究表明，雌鼠将幼鼠抱回自家窝里的“本能”源自一种特定神经细胞的信号传导。
此前研究就发现，大脑中“内侧视前区”区域是与母性行为相关的重要区域，但对其中的具体神经信号机制并不清楚。纽约大学医学院神经科学研究所林大宇团队在这次的新实验中，考察了雌性小鼠同自家和别家“鼠宝宝”互动时其大脑“内侧视前区”的活动。结果发...
新研究发现脂肪细胞为肿瘤供能的机制
脂肪细胞 肿瘤 供能机制
2018/4/12
美国《癌细胞》杂志9日发表的一项研究解释了脂肪组织如何为肿瘤提供能量。这为医学界研发新的抗癌疗法提供了可能。美国桑福德－伯纳姆－普雷比斯医学发现研究所和德国慕尼黑工业大学的研究人员通过动物实验发现，脂肪细胞中一种名为ｐ62的蛋白质失活，会抑制一种叫作哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白的蛋白质，从而促进前列腺肿瘤关闭脂肪组织的耗能过程，吸收脂肪酸和其他营养，加快生长并转移到身体其他部位。
研究发现儿童食物过敏的触发机制
儿童 食物过敏 触发机制
2018/4/10
美国一项新研究发现，婴儿湿巾中含有的化学物质会破坏皮肤表层。如果孩子本身就已携带皮肤屏障受损相关的突变基因，那么接触这些化学物质会提高他们食物过敏的风险。美国西北大学和印第安纳大学的研究人员在新一期美国《变应和临床免疫学杂志》上发表了相关论文。他们说，携带皮肤屏障受损的相关基因突变、后天环境中皮肤接触婴儿湿巾等含有的化学物质以及接触食物过敏原等因素，共同诱发了儿童及青少年时期的食物过敏反应。
Artificial Enzyme:Protein Designed Entirely From Scratch Functions In Cells As A Life-Sustaining Catalyst（图）
Artificial Enzyme Protein Designed Entirely Scratch Functions In Cells Life-Sustaining Catalyst
2018/2/1
A dawning field of research, artificial biology, is working toward creating a genuinely new organism. At Princeton, chemistryprofessor Michael Hecht and the researchers in his lab are d...
膜生物学国家重点实验室首次揭示完整藻胆体的三维结构
膜生物学 完整藻胆体 三维结构
2017/11/20
光合作用是地球上的生物赖以生存的基础。为了获取更多的光能，生物体发展出了多种捕光蛋白系统。其中存在于蓝藻和红藻中的藻胆体是迄今已知的最大的捕光蛋白复合物，它位于膜表面，并与位于膜中的光和反应中心结合，能将吸收的太阳光以极高的效率传递给光合反应中心以便进一步转化为有机物并释放氧气。这个巨大的超分子复合体的组装机制和光能在其中的传递机制一直是光合作用研究领域的前沿热点问题。膜生物学国家重点实验室隋森芳...
Penn Engineers Develop Filters That Use Nanoparticles to Prevent Slime Build-up（图）
Penn Engineers Filters Nanoparticles Prevent Slime Build-up
2017/11/23
Filtration membranes are, at their core, sponge-like materials that have micro- or nanoscopically small pores. Unwanted chemicals, bacteria and even viruses are physically blocked by the maze of mesh,...
Mimicking Biological Process,Hydrogel Signals And Releases Proteins（图）
Mimicking Biological Process Hydrogel Signals Releases Proteins
2017/11/23
An artificial system using a DNA-laced hydrogel can receive a chemical signal and release the appropriate protein, according to Penn State researchers. Further stimulation by the chemical signal conti...
Biochemists Discover Mechanism That Helps Flu Viruses Evolve（图）
Biochemists Flu Viruses Evolve
2017/10/24
Influenza viruses mutate rapidly, which is why flu vaccines have to be redesigned every year. A new study from MIT sheds light on just how these viruses evolve so quickly, and offers a potential way t...
科学家首次证实对眼泪中溶菌酶施压 可达到发电效果（图）
溶菌酶 压电效应 检测压电效应
2022/3/25
据外媒报道，科学界早年发现对蛋白质施加压力便可发电，直至近日爱尔兰利默克里大学的研究团队，首次证实对人类眼泪中的溶菌酶施压，也可达到发电效果。
Green Algae Could Hold Clues For Engineering Faster-Growing Crops（图）
Green Algae Hold Clues Engineering Faster-Growing Crops
2017/10/24
Two new studies of green algae — the scourge of swimming pool owners and freshwater ponds — have revealed new insights into how these organisms siphon carbon dioxide from the air for use in photosynth...
Was the Primordial Soup a Hearty Pre-Protein Stew?（图）
primordial soup hearty pre-protein stew
2017/9/19
The primordial soup that sloshed around billions of years ago, and eventually led to first life on our planet, might have been teeming with primal precursors of proteins.Ancestors of the first protein...
Chemists Get Step Closer to Replicating Nature with Assembly of New 3D Structures（图）
chemists step closer replicating nature new 3d structures
2017/9/5
A team of New York University chemists has created a series of three-dimensional structures that take a step closer to resembling those found in nature. The work offers insights into how enzymes are p...
Keeping the human brain in a healthy state requires a delicate balance between the generation of new cellular material and the destruction of old. Specialized structures known as lysosomes, found in n...
Cutting the Cost of Ethanol,Other Biofuels and Gasoline
Cutting the Cost of Ethanol Biofuels Gasoline
2017/7/24
Biofuels like the ethanol in U.S. gasoline could get cheaper thanks to experts at Rutgers University-New Brunswick and Michigan State University.They’ve demonstrated how to design and g...