搜索结果: 1-15 共查到“Spending”相关记录42条 . 查询时间(0.064 秒)
k-root-n: An efficient O(√n) algorithm for avoiding short term double spending in Distributed Ledger Technologies such as Blockchain
Blockchain bitcoin distributed ledger technology
2019/7/17
Blockchains such as bitcoin rely on reaching global consensus for the distributed ledger, and suffer from a well know scalability problem. We propose an algorithm which can avoid double spending in th...
Burning Zerocoins for Fun and for Profit: A Cryptographic Denial-of-Spending Attack on the Zerocoin Protocol
cryptocurrencies Zerocoin attack
2018/6/25
Zerocoin (Miers et. al, IEEE S&P’13), designed as an extension to Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies, was the first anonymous cryptocurrency proposal which supports large anonymity sets. We identify...
Double-spending Prevention for Bitcoin zero-confirmation transactions
Bitcoin double-spending
2017/5/11
Zero-confirmation transactions, i.e., transactions that have been broadcast but are still pending to be included in the blockchain, have gained attention in order to enable fast payments in Bitcoin, s...
U.S. research and development (R&D) performance rose to $477.7 billion in 2014 -- an increase of $21.1 billion over the previous year -- and is estimated to hit $499.3 billion in 2015, according to a ...
The Political Economy of Discretionary Spending: Evidence from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Political Economy American Recovery
2015/9/21
We study the spatial allocation of expenditures in the American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), one of the largest discretionary
funding bills in the history of the United States. Contrary
to...
New Keynesian versus Old Keynesian Government Spending Multipliers
New Keynesian versus Old Keynesian Government
2015/8/3
Renewed interest in fiscal policy has increased the use of quantitative models to
evaluate policy. Because of modelling uncertainty, it is essential that policy evaluations
be robust to alternative ...
Over the past half century, Americans spent a rising share of total economic resources on health and enjoyed substantially longer lives as a result. Debate on health policy often focuses on limiting t...
HOSPITAL OWNERSHIP AND PUBLIC MEDICAL SPENDING.
Perverse reverse price competition:Average wholesale prices and Medicaid pharmaceutical spending
Medicaid Reimbursement policy Prescription drugs Competition
2015/7/17
Generic drugs comprise an increasing share of total prescriptions dispensed in the U.S., rising from nearly 50% in 1999 to 75% in 2009. The generic drug market has typically been viewed at the wholesa...
Prosocial Spending and Well-Being:Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal
Spending Giving and Philanthropy Happiness Motivation and Incentives Welfare or Wellbeing
2015/4/23
This research provides the first support for a possible psychological universal: human beings around the world derive emotional benefits from using their financial resources to help others (prosocial ...
Where Does It Go?Spending by the Financially Constrained
Decision Choices and Conditions Credit Personal Finance Spending
2015/4/22
In this paper, we analyze the spending decisions of over 1.5 million Americans who vary in their degree of revealed credit constraints. Specifically, we analyze how these Americans spend their income ...
Federally funded R&D center spending declined, latest figures say
Federally funded R&D center spending declined
2015/4/29
The majority of the nation's federally funded R&D centers (FFRDCs) reported spending less on research and development in fiscal year 2013 than they had the previous year, according to a new InfoB...
The etiology of frugal spending: a partial replication and extension
etiology frugal spending partial replication extension
2016/3/17
Frugal behavior is infrequently studied in both psychology and marketing. As a consumption pattern it deserves greater attention because frugal consumer behavior is a desirable goal for both individua...
A Monetary Will-O'-The-Wisp: Pursuit of Equity Through Deficit Spending
Pursuit of Equity Through Deficit Spending A Monetary Will-O'-The-Wisp
2014/3/24
A Monetary Will-O'-The-Wisp: Pursuit of Equity Through Deficit Spending。
Economies of Scale in Local Government: General Government Spending
Local Government Economies of Scale Market Power
2013/2/23
The purpose of this paper is to determine whether larger or smaller municipalities are more efficient in their levels of overhead costs. The operative measure is per capita annual costs for these serv...