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Dietary protein, carbohydrate, and fat enhance memory performance in the healthy elderly
Glucose carbohydrate protein
2016/6/14
Dietary carbohydrates can improve memory.
Whether these effects are related to elevations in blood glucose
or to energy ingestion is unknown.
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on fat, lean, and bone mass in HIV-seropositive men and women
lipodystrophy fat redistribution lean body mass
2016/6/14
Alterations in body composition have been
reported in HIV-positive adults receiving highly active antiretroviral
therapy (HAART), but the magnitude and potential determinants
of these changes are u...
Calibration and validation of an air-displacement plethysmography method for estimating percentage body fat in an elderly population: a comparison among compartmental models
Body composition elderly men
2016/6/14
The use of hydrostatic weighing (HW) to measure
body composition in the elderly can be difficult and is based on
the assumption of constancy of body compartments.
Body fat distribution in white and black women: different patterns of intraabdominal and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue utilization with weight loss
Overweight obesity weight loss
2016/6/14
Intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) is the body
fat depot most strongly related to disease risk. Weight reduction
is advocated for overweight people to reduce total body fat and
IAAT, although lit...
Substrate oxidation and control of food intake in men after a fat-substitute meal compared with meals supplemented with an isoenergetic load of carbohydrate, long-chain triacylglycerols, or medium-chain triacylglycerols
Humans hunger signal satiety
2016/6/14
It has been suggested that hunger may be delayed
and food intake reduced under metabolic conditions that spare
carbohydrate oxidation.
Implementation of a 4-y, high-fiber, high-fruit-and-vegetable, low-fat dietary intervention: results of dietary changes in the Polyp Prevention Trial
Dietary intervention nutrition intervention dietary change
2016/6/14
The Polyp Prevention Trial (PPT) was a multicenter
randomized clinical trial designed to determine the effects of
a high-fiber (4.30 g/MJ), high-fruit-and-vegetable (0.84 servings/MJ),
low-fat (20%...
Contribution of dietary and newly formed arachidonic acid to human milk lipids in women eating a low-fat diet
Human milk linoleic acid arachidonic acid
2016/6/14
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk are derived
from direct intestinal absorption, endogenous synthesis, or maternal
body stores. Arachidonic acid (AA) intake is frequently low
in undernourished wo...
Lipid responses to plant-sterol-enriched reduced-fat spreads incorporated into a National Cholesterol Education Program Step I diet
table spread cholesterol plant sterols
2016/6/14
Plant sterol esters reduce cholesterol absorption
and lower circulating blood cholesterol concentrations when
incorporated into the habitual diet.
Energy density of foods affects energy intake across multiple levels of fat content in lean and obese women
Energy density fat content energy intake
2016/6/13
The results of previous studies indicated that
energy density, independent of fat content, influences energy
intake. In most studies, however, both fat content and energy
density were lower than in...
Effects of isoenergetic high-carbohydrate compared with high-fat diets on human cholesterol synthesis and expression of key regulatory genes of cholesterol metabolism
glucose tolerance high-carbohydrate diet stable isotopes
2016/6/13
High-carbohydrate diets improve plasma cholesterol
concentrations but increase triacylglycerol concentrations;
the latter effect increases the risk of cardiovascular disease
(CVD). Triacylglycerol ...
Changes in regional fat redistribution and the effects of estrogen during spontaneous weight gain in women with anorexia nervosa
anorexia nervosa regional fat
2016/6/13
Anorexia nervosa is a disease of severe acquired
undernutrition with a high and increasing prevalence among young
women in the United States.
Relation between body composition, fat distribution, and lung function in elderly men
Fat mass fat-free mass fat distribution
2016/6/13
Body composition changes with age, with increases
in fat mass and visceral fat and declines in skeletal muscle mass;
lung function also declines with age. Age-related changes in
body composition an...
Occasional physical inactivity combined with a high-fat diet may be important in the development and maintenance of obesity in human subjects
Obesity energy metabolism energy balance
2016/6/13
A better understanding of the environmental factors
that contribute to obesity is imperative if any therapeutic
effect on the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in
the United States is...
Evaluation of body fat in fatter and leaner 10-y-old African American and white children: the Baton Rouge Children's Study
body fat ethnicity race
2016/6/13
Only a few published studies in children used several
methods to compare body fat in large groups of fatter and
leaner multiethnic children. We hypothesized that the preferred
methods of determinin...
Short-term effects of weight loss with or without low-intensity exercise training on fat metabolism in obese men
fat oxidation energy restriction low-energy diet
2016/6/12
Energy restriction is known to induce a decline in
fat oxidation during the postdiet period. Reduced fat oxidation
may contribute to weight regain.