搜索结果: 1-15 共查到“哲学 decision”相关记录19条 . 查询时间(0.093 秒)
Unboxing the Concepts in Newcomb’s Paradox:Causation,Prediction,Decision in Causal Knowledge Patterns
evidential vs causal decision theory Newcomb’s paradox Bayes nets causal models interventionist account of causation
2016/6/15
In Nozick’s rendition of the decision situation given in Newcomb’s Paradox dominance and the principle of maximum expected utility recommend different strategies. While evidential decision theory (EDT...
Overdetermination in Intuitive Causal Decision Theory
causal decision theory causation overdetermination preemption trumping decisional overdetermination
2016/6/12
Causal decision theory defines a rational action as the one that tends to cause the best outcomes. If we adopt counterfactual or probabilistic theories of causation, then we may face problems in overd...
IMPACT OF HUMAN LIKENESS ON ETHICAL DECISION MAKING ABOUT MEDICAL DILEMMAS
ethical decisions MEDICAL DILEMMAS
2015/5/27
Humans are often represented in computer interfaces as graphical characters. These characters, or embodied agents, are used to increase people’s comfort level and humanize the interaction. While the i...
Questioning the Quantitative Imperative: Decision Aids, Prevention, and the Ethics of Disclosure
decision aids disclosure
2014/11/17
Patients should not always receive hard data about the risks and benefits of a medical intervention. That information should always be available to patients who expressly ask for it, but it should be ...
Disclosure and rationality: comparative risk information and decision-making about prevention
Decision making Comparative risk Prevention Rationality Expected utility theory Biomedical ethics
2014/11/17
With the growing focus on prevention in medicine, studies of how to describe risk have become increasing important. Recently, some researchers have argued against giving patients "comparative risk inf...
Decision and discovery in defining 'disease'
Biology Diagnosis Disease Medicine Metaphysics
2014/11/17
The debate over how to analyze the concept of disease has often centered on the question of whether to include a reference to values, in particular the ‘disvalue’of diseases, or whether to avoid such ...
Causation, decision theory, and Bell's theorem: a quantum analogue of the Newcomb problem
causation decision theory Bell's theorem quantum foundations
2009/11/18
I apply some of the lessons from quantum theory, in particular from Bell's theorem, to a debate on the foundations of decision theory and causation. By tracing a formal analogy between the basic assum...
A formal proof of the Born rule from decision-theoretic assumptions
Everett interpretation Probability in quantum theory
2009/6/19
I develop the decision-theoretic approach to quantum probability, originally proposed by David Deutsch, into a mathematically rigorous proof of the Born rule in (Everett-interpreted) quantum mechanics...
Consensual Decision-Making Among Epistemic Peers
Formal social epistemology consensus disagreement epistemic peers
2009/4/1
This paper focuses on the question of how to resolve disagreement, and uses the Lehrer-Wagner model as a formal tool for investigating consensual decision-making. The main result consists in a general...
Ethical challenges related to elder care. High level decision-makers' experiences
decision-makers Ethical
2008/11/13
Background
Few empirical studies have been found that explore ethical challenges among persons in high public positions that are responsible for elder care. The aim of this paper was to illuminate th...
Pandemic influenza preparedness: an ethical framework to guide decision-making
ethical framework guide decision-making
2008/11/12
Background
Planning for the next pandemic influenza outbreak is underway in hospitals across the world. The global SARS experience has taught us that ethical frameworks to guide decision-making may h...
Quantum Probability and Decision Theory, Revisited
Quantum Mechanics Everett Interpretation
2008/4/22
An extended analysis is given of the program, originally suggested by Deutsch, of solving the probability problem in the Everett interpretation by means of decision theory. Deutsch's own proof is disc...
Two aggregation paradoxes in social decision making: the Ostrogorski paradox and the discursive dilemma
Judgment aggregation belief merging belief fusion
2008/4/21
The Ostrogorski paradox and the discursive dilemma are seemingly unrelated paradoxes of aggregation. The former is discussed in traditional social choice theory, while the latter is at the core of the...
Is Intelligent Design Science? Dissecting the Dover Decision
intelligent design creationism demarcation question
2008/4/15
In the case of Kitzmiller et al. v. Dover Area School District, et al., Judge Jones ruled that a pro-intelligent design disclaimer cannot be read to public school students. In his decision, he gave de...
A major problem facing no-collapse interpretations of quantum mechanics in the tradition of Everett is how to understand the probabilistic axiom of quantum mechanics (the Born rule) in the context of ...