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Background theories in science are taken both as proof and as disproof that theory choice is underdetermined by data. The proof is often thought to threaten the possibility of responsible scientific t...
After the Philosophy of Mind: Replacing Scholasticism with Science
extended cognition explanatory pluralism neuroscience
2008/4/9
We provide a taxonomy of the two most important debates in the philosophy of the cognitive and neural sciences. The first debate is over methodological individualism: is the object of the cognitive an...
Better Policy through Better Science: Using Metascience to Improve Dose-Response Curves in Biology and in ICRP Ecological Risk Assessment
Better Science Better Policy
2008/4/9
Many people argue that uncertain science -- or controversial policies based on science -- can be clarified primarily by greater attention to the social and ethical values influencing the science and t...
A Bridge over Troubled Cultures. The Impact of Philosophy of Science in Britain
Popper Grunbaum Salmon Science and Society
2008/4/9
Who are the major figures that have shaped philosophy of science in Britain? What impact has the subject had in Britain outside academic philosophy? How have two of the major centers of the subject - ...
2001 and all that: a tale of a third science
causal specificity reactive genome parity thesis distributed causation
2008/4/9
The paper describes the change from molecular genetics to postgenomic biology. It focuses on phenomena in the regulation of gene expression that provide a break with the central dogma, according to wh...
Structural Distinctions. Entities, structures and changes in science.
scientific realism ontic structural realism changes in science
2008/4/9
Abstract. I argue that pessimistic meta-induction (PMI) seems to point an ontological priority of the relations over the objects of the scientific theories of the kind suggested by French and Ladyman ...
Challenging Standard Distinctions between Science and Technology: The Case of Preparative Chemistry
preparative chemistry science and technology
2008/4/7
Part I presents a quantitative-empirical outline of chemistry, esp. preparative chemistry, concerning its dominant role in today's science, its dynamics, and its methods and aims. Emphasis is laid on ...
Diana Barkan, Walther Nernst and the Transition to Modern Physical Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, -xii, 288 pp. (ISBN: 0-521-44456-x)
Modern Physical Science Philosophy of Chemistry
2008/4/7
Svante August Arrhenius and Walther Nernst were two of the founders of the new physical chemistry. Arrhenius was one of the original triumvirate with Wilhelm Ostwald and Jacobus Henricus van’t Hoff, N...
Models and analogies in science
models analogies idealization truth molecular spring-and-ball models
2008/4/7
Science makes extensive use of models, i.e. simplified or idealized representations of the systems found in the physical world. Models fall into at least two categories: mathematical and physical mode...
From the Test-tube to the Autoanalyzer: The Development of Chemical Instrumentation in the Twentieth Century, Workshop of the Commission on the History of Modern Chemistry, Science Museum London, 11-13 August 2000
Autoanalyzer Chemical
2008/4/7
Today we are almost surprised that mainstream philosophers of science ignored nearly every aspect of both scientific instruments and experiments until the early 1980s. So, what was that thing called ‘...
Juergen Heinrich Maar: Pequena História da Química. Uma História da Ciência da Matéria. Primeira Parte: Dos Primórdios a Lavoisier [A Short History of Chemistry. A History of the Science of Matter. First Part: From its Beginnings to Lavoisier], Editora Papa-Livro, Florianópolis, 1999, 848pp.(ISBN: 85-7291-049-2)
Juergen Heinrich Maar Philosophy of Chemistr
2008/4/3
Juergen Heinrich Maar offers a "short" overview of the history of chemistry from its inception to Lavoisier. It is a book written in Portuguese by a Brazilian chemist. The author begins by looking at ...
Communicating Chemistry. Textbooks and their Audiences, 1789-1939, ed. by Anders Lundgren & Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, Science History Publications, Canton, MA, 2000, vii + 465 pp. (ISBN 0-88135-274-8)
Communicating Chemistry Audiences
2008/4/3
Boring, dogmatic, conservative […] textbooks have a bad reputation, at least in science studies. They are considered to be useful only insofar as they provide a window on the ‘normal science’ of a spe...
Consideration of possible bearing of ethics on scientific activity as such – i.e. beside moral or legal conditions on applications of science and avoidance of frauds or superficiality – lead to the co...
‘Pathological Science’ is not Scientific Misconduct (nor is it pathological)
pathological science scientific misconduct
2008/4/3
‘Pathological’ science implies scientific misconduct: it should not happen and the scientists concerned ought to know better. However, there are no clear and generally agreed definitions of pathologic...
Maureen Christie: The Ozone Layer. A Philosophy of Science Perspective, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, xii + 215 pp., £45.00 [ISBN 0-521-65072-0]
Maureen Christie Philosophy of Science
2008/4/3
It is like an irony of the history of science that philosophy of chemistry emerged at a time when disciplinary research became increasingly replaced with transdisciplinary problem-orientated research....