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From Desire to Subjective Value:On the Neural Mechanisms of Moral Motivation
Neuroeconomics Neuroscience of Decision Folk Psychology Moral Motivation
2016/5/30
Increasingly, empirically minded moral philosophers are using data from cognitive science and neuroscience to resolve some longstanding philosophical questions about moral motivation, such as whether ...
Broken Mechanisms:Function,Pathology,and Natural Selection
Mechanism Function Pathology Natural Selection
2016/5/30
The following describes one distinct sense of ‘mechanism’ which is prevalent in biology and biomedicine and which has important epistemic benefits. According to this sense, mechanisms are defined by t...
Stem cells are defined by capacities for both self-renewal and differentiation. Many different entities satisfy this working definition. Explicating the stem cell concept reveals it to be relational a...
Bodies in a Zone of Indistinction:A History of the Biomedicalization of Pregnancy in Prison
prison pregnancy women health inequities biomedicalization medicalization female criminality
2016/5/30
The United States’ prison systems house more inmates than any other country in the Global North. Since Nixon’s proclamation of a War on Drugs in the 1960s and Ronald Regan’s push to create stricter pe...
The Paradox of Sexual Reproduction and the Levels of Selection:Can Sociobiology Shed a Light?
Evolutionary maintenance of sexual reproduction group selection inclusive fitness kin selection multilevel selection sociobiology
2016/5/30
The rejection of group selection in the 1960s left the evolutionary maintenance of sex bereft of its previous explanations and turned it into an anomaly or paradox. While the levels of selection debat...
The structure of idealization in biological theories:the case of the Wright-Fisher model
idealization theory biology possible worlds
2016/5/30
In this paper we present a new framework of idealization in biology. We characterize idealizations as a network of counterfactual and hypothetical conditionals that can exhibit different “degrees of c...
How to Make the Research Agenda in the Health Sciences Less Distorted
distorted research agenda neglected diseases health sciences medical sciences biomedical research pharmaceuticals patents intellectual property
2016/5/30
A well-known problem in the health sciences is the distorted research agenda: the agenda features too little research that is tailored to the health problems of the poor, and it features too little re...
Mathematical biology and the existence of biological laws
Laws Mathematical biology Contingency Dynamical systems Reducibility
2016/5/30
An influential position in the philosophy of biology claims that there are no biological laws, since any apparently biological generalization is either too accidental, fact-like or contingent to be na...
Causal explanation beyond the gene: manipulation and causality in epigenetics
causation explanation intervention epigenetics methodology observational studies causalidad explicación intervención epigenética metodología estudios observacionales
2016/5/27
This paper deals with the interrelationship between causal explanation and methodology in a relatively young discipline in biology: epigenetics. Based on cases from molecular and ecological epigenetic...
Deep Conventionalism about Evolutionary Groups
evolutionary group species population clade species cohesion conventionalism pluralism objectivity realism natural kinds science and values
2016/5/27
We argue for a new conventionalism about many kinds of evolutionary groups, including clades, cohesive units, and populations. This rejects a consensus, which says that given any one of the many legit...
Re-Examining the Gene in Personalized Genomics
Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing DTC Genes Genetic Determinism Science Communication Public understanding of genetics
2016/5/27
Personalized Genomics companies (PG; also called ‘Direct-to-Consumer Genetics’) are businesses marketing genetic testing to consumers over the Internet. While much has been written about these new bus...
From molecules to behavior and the clinic:Integration in Chronobiology
mechanistic explanation dynamic mechanistic explanation circadian rhythms integration in science
2016/5/27
Chronobiology, especially the study of circadian rhythms, provides a model scientific field in which philosophers can study how investigators from a variety of disciplines working at different levels ...
Thinking Dynamically About Biological Mechanisms:Networks of Coupled Oscillators
dynamics dynamic mechanistic explanation decomposition recomposition computational modeling circadian rhythms
2016/5/27
Explaining the complex dynamics exhibited in many biological mechanisms requires extending the recent philosophical treatment of mechanisms that emphasizes sequences of operations. To understand how n...
Complex emergence and the living organization:an epistemological framework for biology
autopoiesis biological autonomy complex emergence downward causation organization pattern generation
2016/5/27
In this article an epistemological framework is proposed in order to integrate the emergentist thought with systemic studies on biological autonomy, which are focused on the role of organization. Part...
Discussions of the moral status of animals typically address the key questions from an anthropocentric point of view. An alternative approach adopts a non-anthropocentric perspective. In this paper, I...